MDO

Multi-domain operations rely on the space domain as a ‘make-or-break’ enabler and demand space domain expertise at the field grade level. A new cadre of space specialists must be cultivated to exploit space enablers, and demand that air force leaders generate training requirements and begin to develop career pathways for military space officers.

Peter Garretson, Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Space Policy Initiative, American Foreign Policy Council, United States

Multi-domain operations can present many challenges for training, particularly as various disparate organizations must be involved and centralized coordination must be balanced with decentralized training objectives. Emerging training technologies can help support the unique complexities of MDO, but the training community may need to solve old problems.

Dr. Tim Marler, Senior Research Engineer, RAND Corporation and Professor, Pardee RAND Graduate School, United States

Information warfare has tended to refer to cognitive aspects, but emerging discussions focus on the ‘convergence’ of electronic warfare and cyberspace in what is known as cyber electromagnetic activities. A hyper-connected battlespace may increase the attack surface for information warfare across the physical, electromagnetic, cyberspace, and cognitive domains.

Dr. Brett van Niekerk, Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Multi-domain operations promise new operational advantages and will reshape air combat, but also necessitate changes in approaches to joint and coalition operations. The challenges of interoperability are reframed however there are no readily available solutions to bridge differences when partner air forces each bring their own sets of capabilities, tools, and platforms to the fight.

Professor Olivier Zajec, Director, Institute of Strategic and Defense Studies, Jean Moulin University, France